Monica L Vetter and Edward M Levine
Degenerative diseases of the retina result in the loss of specific populations of retinal neurons. For example, retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by progressive loss of rod photoreceptors, macular degeneration is a common disease of the elderly in which rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate, and glaucoma is marked by a loss of retinal ganglion cells. Thus, there is considerable interest in identifying retinal stem cells with the capacity to repopulate the retina in response to disease or...
characterization of human dental pulp stem cells
2.1. Proliferation Capacity of DPSCs In Vitro We first identified putative human DPSCs by their ability to generate clonogenic cell colonies in vitro, a common feature displayed by various stem cell populations previously isolated from other tissues. To determine the colony-forming efficiency of DPSCs from whole pulp tissue, single-cell suspensions were prepared by collagenase-dispase treatment of pulp fragments, followed by filtration through a fine mesh to remove cell aggregates prior to...
stem cells in the bone marrow compartment
Less than 0.1 of all nucleated cells in the bone marrow are stem cells. Among these, hematopoietic stem cells HSCs provide a source of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets Fig. 1 . The HSC pool can be subdivided into long-term reconstituting HSCs, which have the greatest self-renewal capacity, and short-term HSCs, which generate hematopoietic lineages only for several weeks 11 . Mesenchymal stromal stem cells From Adult Stem Cells Edited by K. Turksen Humana Press Inc., Totowa,...
embryonic endothelial progenitor cells
Embryonic stem cell research has opened a novel door for vascular biology, as for any medical field, to elucidate the history of vascular development. Embryonic endothelial progenitor cells, so-called angioblasts, for blood vessel development arise from migrating mesodermal cells. EPCs have the capacity to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into endothelial lineage cells, but have not yet acquired characteristic mature endothelial markers. Available evidence suggests that hematopoietic...
stem cells of the adult liver
Unlike rapidly renewing epithelial tissues such as the intestinal mucosa or epidermis , in which an active stem cell lineage system continually initiates replacement of differentiated cells that are shed 4,5 , the liver is normally a quiescent organ with minimal or slow rates of cell turnover in the adult 51 . Nonetheless, the liver possesses an extraordinary capacity for the regeneration of tissue mass following loss of normal hepatocyte numbers because of partial tissue loss surgical...
endothelial progenitor cells for therapeutic vasculogenesis
4.1. Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation The regenerative potential of stem cells has been under intense investigation. In vitro, stem and progenitor cells possess the capability of self-renewal and differentiation into organ-specific cell types. In vivo, transplantation of these cells may reconstitute organ systems, as shown in animal models of diseases 15,26,50-53 . In contrast, differentiated cells do not exhibit such characteristics. Human EPCs have been isolated from the peripheral...
stem cell hierarchies
Hierarchies of division-competent cells have been demonstrated in other adult tissues, such as blood and the small intestine 44,45 . These hierarchies comprise a primary tissue-specific stem cell that can produce all the cell types of the tissue, including new stem cells. Downstream of the primary stem cell are more restricted progenitors that give rise only to a subset of cell types, and then there are lineage-committed progenitors that produce only one particular cell type. The number of...
structure and histology of normal and malignant human breast
The human breast, in common with the mammary glands of other species, contains both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The adult human breast contains a number of treelike glandular structures derived by dichotomous branching of each of several ducts arising from the nipple. The major functional units of these glands are the lobular structures, situated at the end of the terminal ductules, which comprise several smaller blind-ended ductules often referred to as terminal ductal...
references Lzy
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